The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.